Israel has allowed AI to become judge, jury and executioner

Israel has allowed AI to become judge, jury and executioner

Israel has allowed AI to become judge, jury and executioner
The human-machine link in war is shifting toward being dominated by machine. (AFP)
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Hollywood has for a long time fantasized about a world where artificial intelligence rules, where wars are fought by computers and robots, where machines dominate man. Yet, as the world wakes up to both the potential positives and negatives of AI in our lives, the Israeli onslaught on Palestinians in Gaza is a chilling harbinger of the future of war.

Much of this is not new but it is more advanced. The use of drones has already changed the conduct of warfare, as we have seen in Ukraine. Israel has been using drones since the 1982 Lebanon War, while it developed its first attack drone in 1989. It remains at the cutting edge of drone technology.

Israeli forces use every type, from small drones that can search tunnels and buildings or place explosives to the larger types that can drop massive ordnance. Xtender, for example, is a small drone designed for indoor and underground operations, making it well suited to buildings and tunnels in places such as Gaza city. Nonstate actors can also use drones, including Hamas, as in the case of Gaza.

But new evidence of the use of advanced Israeli tech is far more chilling. The brilliant Israeli magazine +972 has unearthed, in a series of probing investigations, two major AI targeting programs, named “The Gospel” and “Lavender.”

Back in November, +972 unearthed The Gospel program, also known by its Hebrew name “Habsora.” This system has allowed Israeli forces to expand their potential target lists — i.e., the buildings that could be determined as legitimate for bombing. These include “public buildings, infrastructure, and high-rise blocks, which sources say the army defines as ‘power targets.’” Commanders know in advance from intelligence how many civilians may be killed in a bombing. Yet, as one Israeli source stated: “The numbers increased from dozens of civilian deaths (permitted) as collateral damage as part of an attack on a senior official in previous operations, to hundreds of civilian deaths as collateral damage.”

Another source was equally chilling: “These are not random rockets. Everything is intentional. We know exactly how much collateral damage there is in every home.” This tallies with the evidence so far procured on the ground, including human rights reports.

As for the Lavender system, it is more about identifying individuals as targets rather than buildings. +972 last week reported that it “is designed to mark all suspected operatives in the military wings of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad, including low-ranking ones, as potential bombing targets.” Essentially, it is a system to tag Palestinians. Lavender reportedly has information on 90 percent of the Palestinian population in Gaza (one wonders if this is the same for the West Bank). Each person is given a rating from one to 100 based on the likelihood of them being a militant and evidence indicated children were also marked.

The magazine’s investigation determined that, within the first few weeks after Oct. 7, Lavender had identified 37,000 Palestinian “targets” deemed to be suspected “militants.” This equates to what Israel has publicly stated to be its estimate of the number of Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad operatives in Gaza. One Hamas commander was given such a high rating that it was assessed that up to 300 Palestinian civilian fatalities would be acceptable as collateral damage.

What makes it worse is that Lavender tends to locate individuals in their homes. Many of the subsequent attacks have taken place at night, so the bombing would also kill members of the target’s family. “We were not interested in killing (Hamas) operatives only when they were in a military building or engaged in a military activity,” said one Israeli intelligence officer.

Local commanders were even encouraged to use Lavender’s “kill lists.” One Israeli military source noted that the humans were just there to rubber stamp the decisions — a process that took about “20 seconds.”

Advocates can argue that machines and AI may be more effective than humans. Yet the known margin of error is about 10 percent, so hardly foolproof.

The reality is that Israel has killed at least 33,000 Palestinians in six months, including 14,000 children, because it has such loose open-fire regulations, which are frequently facilitated by these dangerous AI systems. Israel has not even got close to adhering to the international law principle of proportionality.

The international reaction has been minimal, at least in public. One of the few to speak out has been UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres. On Israel’s use of AI, he said on Friday: “No part of life and death decisions which impact entire families should be delegated to the cold calculation of algorithms.”

Even in the media, few mainstream outlets have run with the story. One has to ask why.

Israel’s loose open-fire regulations are frequently facilitated by these dangerous AI systems.

Chris Doyle

Will there be any chance of halting this march, of returning to a world where such life and death decisions are made by humans rather than machines? Will it not be so much easier for a machine to do the killing, devoid of any emotional or moral inhibitions that hopefully humans still have? Will it not be so much easier in the future to blame a computer rather than a person? You cannot take a computer to court. A computer does not pay compensation or have to apologize. There is no transparency in this process. Will any Palestinian parent know if their child was bombed because of The Gospel or Lavender, or because an actual human took a decision?

This matters way beyond the carnage of the Eastern Mediterranean. It shows how massive amounts of data on a population can be abused for the deadliest of purposes. Israel has such information due to its 57 years of intense military occupation. But where else will these systems be adopted? What will be the international legal repercussions?

Moreover, where is the high-level debate? Should such systems be banned? If not, what restrictions should be imposed? Are the companies that make this practice possible complicit in the killings?

The world needs to wake up. Machines have become judge, jury and executioner. The human-machine link in war is shifting toward being dominated by machine. Computers cannot determine if a person is a terrorist. The weakening or even bypassing of any moral agency is terrifying. This is what is being done to Palestinians in Gaza right now. Unless action is taken, this will be the future of war. Hollywood will need some new scripts.

  • Chris Doyle is director of the Council for Arab-British Understanding in London. X: @Doylech
Disclaimer: Views expressed by writers in this section are their own and do not necessarily reflect Arab News' point of view

Latin superstar Bad Bunny is supporting Harris for president

Latin superstar Bad Bunny is supporting Harris for president
Updated 12 min 1 sec ago
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Latin superstar Bad Bunny is supporting Harris for president

Latin superstar Bad Bunny is supporting Harris for president
  • Bad Bunny has been vocal about criticizing Puerto Rico’s electric system, which was razed by Hurricane Maria

Bad Bunny is throwing his support behind Vice President Kamala Harris by sharing a video of the Democratic presidential nominee to his more than 45 million followers on Instagram.
Bad Bunny, whose official name is Benito Antonio Martínez Ocasio, is one of the most famous artists of the moment. His backing could be a boost for the Harris campaign as it tries to bolster its support with Latino voters, among whom Trump has been working to gain ground.
The 30-year-old Puerto Rican reggaeton artist, who has popular songs such as “Dakiti” and “Titi Me Preguntó,” has won three Grammy Awards. He was the most streamed artist on Spotify in 2020, 2021 and 2022, and was only surpassed by Taylor Swift in 2023. He was named Artist of the Year by Apple Music in 2022.
The video shared by Bad Bunny on Instagram shows Harris saying “there’s so much at stake in this election for Puerto Rican voters and for Puerto Rico.” A representative of the artist confirmed that Bad Bunny is supporting Harris.
The artist then shared several times another part of the clip where Harris says, “I will never forget what Donald Trump did and what he did not do when Puerto Rico needed a caring and a competent leader,” she says.
His endorsement came shortly after a comedian who spoke at the opening of Trump’s rally at Madison Square Garden on Sunday called Puerto Rico a “floating island of garbage.” The remarks by comedian Tony Hinchcliffe were immediately criticized by Harris’ campaign and were also criticized by Puerto Rican star Ricky Martin, who was among the first to support Harris as she launched her presidential bid in July.
“That’s what they think of us,” Ricky Martin shared on Instagram, and encouraged followers to vote for Harris.
The Puerto Rican vote is sizable in Pennsylvania, which is arguably the hardest fought of the swing states in the 2024 election. Other Puerto Rican singers such as Jennifer Lopez and Marc Anthony had already expressed support for Harris. Trump has also attracted support from other popular stars from the island such as Anuel AA and Nicky Jam.
Bad Bunny has been vocal about criticizing Puerto Rico’s electric system, which was razed by Hurricane Maria. In a 2022 music video for his song “El Apagon,” the artist called out the company Luma Energy, which handles transmission and distribution, for the constant power outages that plague the island.
One of his most recent songs, “Una Velita,” is also a protest against the government response following Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico in 2017.
A year after the storm, public health experts estimated that nearly 3,000 perished because of the effects of Hurricane Maria. But Trump, whose efforts to help the island territory recover have been persistently criticized, repeatedly questioned that number saying it rose “like magic.”
His visit to the island after the hurricane elicited controversy such as when he tossed paper towels. His administration released $13 billion in assistance years later, just weeks before the 2020 presidential election. And a federal government watchdog found that officials hampered an investigation into delays in aid delivery.
Bad Bunny also shared a part of the clip showing Harris saying that Trump “abandoned the island, tried to block aid after back-to-back devastating hurricanes and offered nothing more than paper towels and insults.”
Harris visited a Puerto Rican restaurant in North Philadelphia earlier on Sunday and released her policy related to the island saying she wants to create a task force to attract investment to fix the electrical grid. And Trump is headed on Tuesday to Allentown, Pennsylvania, where more than half of its population is Hispanic and a majority of them from Puerto Rico.
In 2020, Bad Bunny allowed the Biden campaign to use one of his hits “Pero Ya No” in a TV ad.


Iran’s imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate hospitalized with severe health issues

Iran’s imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate hospitalized with severe health issues
Updated 30 min 27 sec ago
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Iran’s imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate hospitalized with severe health issues

Iran’s imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate hospitalized with severe health issues
  • Mohammadi is the 19th woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize and the second Iranian woman after human rights activist Shirin Ebadi in 2003

DUBAI, United Arab Emirates: Iranian authorities have allowed imprisoned Nobel Peace Prize laureate Narges Mohammadi to be hospitalized after almost nine weeks of feeling sick, a group campaigning for the activist said Sunday.
The Free Narges Coalition said in a statement that Mohammadi must be granted a medical furlough to receive comprehensive treatment for multiple conditions. It said that just transferring her to the hospital will not address the severe health issues caused by months of neglect and deprivation.
Mohammadi is being held at Iran’s notorious Evin Prison, which houses political prisoners and those with Western ties. She already had been serving a 30-month sentence, to which 15 more months were added in January.
On Saturday, Iranian authorities issued an additional six-month sentence against her after she protested the execution of another political prisoner in the women’s ward of Evin Prison on Aug. 6.
Mohammadi suffers from heart disease, and according to her medical report issued in September, the main artery of her heart has again developed a serious complication.
The coalition said that they continue to demand the unconditional release of Mohammadi and her full access to medical care.
Mohammadi is the 19th woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize and the second Iranian woman after human rights activist Shirin Ebadi in 2003.
Mohammadi, 52, has kept up her activism despite numerous arrests by Iranian authorities and years behind bars.


Trump’s Madison Square Garden event turns into a rally with crude and racist insults

Trump’s Madison Square Garden event turns into a rally with crude and racist insults
Updated 35 min 6 sec ago
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Trump’s Madison Square Garden event turns into a rally with crude and racist insults

Trump’s Madison Square Garden event turns into a rally with crude and racist insults
  • Trump’s childhood friend David Rem referred to Trump rival Kamala Harris as “the Antichrist” and “the devil”
  • Astand-up comedian made lewd and racist comments about Latinos, Jews and Black people, all key constituencies in the election just nine days away
  • Former Fox News host Tucker Carlson called Harris “a Samoan, Malaysian, low-IQ former California prosecutor”

NEW YORK: Donald Trump took the stage Sunday night at New York’s Madison Square Garden to deliver his campaign’s closing argument with the election nine days away after several of his allies used crude and racist insults toward Vice President Kamala Harris and other critics of the former president.
The Republican nominee began by asking the same questions he’s asked at the start of every recent rally: “Are you better off now than you were four years ago?” The crowd responded with a resounding “No!”
“This election is a choice between whether we’ll have four more years of gross incompetence and failure, or whether we’ll begin the greatest years in the history of our country,” he said after being introduced by his wife, Melania Trump, whose rare surprise appearance comes after she has been largely absent on the campaign trail.
Several speakers earlier on Sunday crudely insulted Harris, who is vying to become the first woman and Black woman to win the presidency. And a stand-up comedian made lewd and racist comments about Latinos, Jews and Black people, all key constituencies in the election just nine days away.
“I don’t know if you guys know this, but there’s literally a floating island of garbage in the middle of the ocean right now. I think it’s called Puerto Rico,” said comedian Tony Hinchcliffe, whose joke was immediately criticized by Harris’ campaign as it competes with Trump to win over Puerto Rican communities in Pennsylvania and other swing states. Shortly after Hinchcliffe’s appearance, music superstar Bad Bunny, who is from Puerto Rico, endorsed Harris.

A person dressed like a viking walks outside of Madison Square Garden during a rally for Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump in New York on Oct. 27, 2024. (REUTERS)

Trump’s childhood friend David Rem, meanwhile, referred to Harris as “the Antichrist” and “the devil.” Businessman Grant Cardone told the crowd that Harris ”and her pimp handlers will destroy our country.” And former Fox News host Tucker Carlson called Harris, the daughter of Jamaican and Indian immigrants, “a Samoan, Malaysian, low-IQ former California prosecutor.”
Trump’s closing argument turns to spectacle
The event was a surreal spectacle, turning what his campaign had advertised as the event where he would deliver his closing message in the campaign’s final days to an illustration of what turns off his critics. The lineup included House Speaker Mike Johnson, TV psychologist Dr. Phil McGraw, former professional wrestler Hulk Hogan, and someone who painted a picture of Trump hugging the Empire State Building.
And that was all before the Republican presidential nominee took the stage more than two hours late.
Trump on Sunday added a new proposal to his list of tax cuts aimed at winning over older adults and blue-collar workers, which already includes vows to end taxes on Social Security benefits, tips and overtime pay: A tax credit for family caregivers.
This comes after Harris has talked about the “sandwich generation” of adults caring for aging parents while raising their children at the same time. Harris has proposed federal funding to cover home care costs for older Americans.
Trump otherwise repeated familiar lines about foreign policy and immigration, calling for the death penalty for any migrant who kills a US citizen and saying that the day he takes office, “The migrant invasion of our country ends.”
The rally was an amped-up version of the RNC
Many of the speakers Sunday appeared on stage at the Republican National Convention. This time, the same speakers shouted and railed more against Democrats.
Hogan, returning to the venue where he performed years ago as a professional wrestler, seemed to reprise his character, emerging wearing a giant red, orange and yellow boa and violently waving a large American flag as he posed and danced. He spat on the stage during his speech, flexed his muscles repeatedly and told the audience: “Trump is the only man that can fix this country today.”

Hulk Hogan takes the stage during a campaign rally for Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump at Madison Square Garden on Oct. 27, 2024 in New York City. (Getty Images/AFP)

While some Democrats and pundits have questioned Trump’s decision to hold what they dismiss as a vanity event in his hometown, the rally guarantees Trump what he most craves: the spotlight, wall-to-wall coverage and a national audience.
The closing message he will deliver Sunday, according to his campaign, is that Harris “broke” the country and that Trump “will fix it.” Rallygoers hours beforehand waved signs with the words “Trump will fix it.”
Some Democrats, arguing that Trump is a “fascist,” have compared his Sunday event to a pro-Nazi rally at the Garden in February 1939. Several speakers on Sunday ripped Hillary Clinton, the Democrat defeated by Trump eight years ago, for saying recently that Trump would be “reenacting” the 1939 event.
“Hey guys, they’re now scrambling and trying to call us Nazis and fascists,” said Alina Habba, one of Trump’s attorneys, who draped a sparkly “MAGA” jacket over the lectern as she spoke. “And you know what they’re claiming, guys? It’s very scary. They’re claiming we’re going to go after them and try and put them in jail. Well, ain’t that rich?”
Declared Hogan in his characteristic raspy growl: “I don’t see no stinkin’ Nazis in here.”
Trump has denounced the four criminal indictments brought against him as politically motivated. He has ramped up his denunciations in recent weeks of “enemies from within,” naming domestic political rivals, and suggested he would use the military to go after them. Harris, in turn, has called Trump a “fascist.”
The arena was full hours before Trump was scheduled to speak. Outside the arena, the sidewalks were overflowing with Trump supporters in red “Make America Great Again” hats. There was a heavy security presence. Streets were blocked off and access to Penn Station was restricted.
In the crowd was Philip D’Agostino, a longtime Trump backer from Queens, the borough where Trump grew up. The 64-year-old said it was appropriate for Trump to be speaking at a place bills itself as “the world’s most famous arena.”
“It just goes to show ya that he has a bigger following of any man that has ever lived,” D’Agostino said.
A New Yorker returns home
New York has not voted for a Republican for president in 40 years. But that hasn’t stopped Trump from continuing to insist he believes he can win.
Trump routinely uses his hometown as a foil before audiences in other states, painting a dark vision of the city that bears little resemblance to reality. He’s cast it as crime-ridden and overrun by violent, immigrant gangs who have taken over Fifth and Madison avenues and occupied Times Square.
Trump has a complicated history with the place where he built his business empire and that made him a tabloid and reality TV star. Its residents indicted him last year on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records. He was found guilty in that case, and also found liable in civil court for business fraud and sexual abuse.

Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump looks on during a campaign rally at Madison Square Garden, in New York on Oct. 27, 2024. (REUTERS)

The rally is one of a series of detours Trump has made from battleground states, including a recent rally in Coachella, California — best known for the famous music festival named after the town — and one in May on the Jersey Shore. This summer he campaigned in the South Bronx.
To reach them, Trump has spent hours appearing on popular podcasts. And his campaign has worked to create viral moments like his visit last weekend to a McDonald’s restaurant, where he made fries and served supporters through the drive-thru window. Video of the stop posted by his campaign has been viewed more than 40 million times on TikTok alone.
Harris has also traveled to non-battleground states for major events intended to drive a national message. She appeared in Houston Friday with music superstar Beyoncé to speak about reproductive rights, and will deliver her own closing argument Tuesday from the Ellipse in Washington, where Trump spoke ahead of the Jan. 6, 2021 Capitol riot.
Beyond the national spotlight and the appeal of appearing on one of the world’s most famous stages, Republicans in the state say the rally will also help down-ballot candidates. New York is home to a handful of competitive congressional races that could determine which party controls the House next year.


US consul general praises plan to link Iraq and GCC electricity grids at international forum

US consul general praises plan to link Iraq and GCC electricity grids at international forum
Updated 28 October 2024
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US consul general praises plan to link Iraq and GCC electricity grids at international forum

US consul general praises plan to link Iraq and GCC electricity grids at international forum
  • The new connection aims to help Iraq, particularly the southern part, reduce its dependency on more expensive power sources and imports from Iran

DAMMAM: The US consul general in Dhahran on Sunday praised a plan to link the electricity grids of the GCC and Iraq.

In an interview with Arab News, James Sindle said the plan to link Iraq’s grid with that of the GCC “is a vital step toward greater regional interdependence.”

“It will not only provide critical power to the Iraqi people but also pave the way for deeper economic cooperation in the years to come.”

He said that the US fully supports the plan to link the Gulf’s electricity grids and integrate renewable energy.

Sindle went on to say: “As President Biden emphasized during the April 2023 Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate, addressing the climate crisis requires ambitious efforts, including reducing emissions and investing in multilateral solutions. The United States is proud to support these global efforts through contributions to the Green Climate Fund and other initiatives aimed at empowering developing countries to take climate action.”

The groundbreaking project, which the GCC Interconnection Authority launched, is scheduled for completion by late 2024.

The new connection aims to help Iraq, particularly the southern part, reduce its dependency on more expensive power sources and imports from Iran. This move is also aimed at bolstering energy security and stability across the region. This initiative is the first time the GCC has extended its grid connections beyond GCC member states.

Sindle’s comments came during a two-day international forum held at the Kempinski Al-Othman Hotel, titled: “Powering the Future Toward Net Zero.”

The event was organized by the GCCIA, in collaboration with the Electric Power Research Institute, GO15 (the association of Very Large Power Grid Operators) and the Association of the Mediterranean Transmission System Operators.

Yaqub Al Kiyumi, vice chairman of GCCIA, concurred with what Sindle said by stating: “Achieving carbon neutrality is no longer a local goal; it has become a global plan.”

The forum’s agenda featured discussions on a “Futuristic Visionary Perspective on Energy Transition,” guided by distinguished speakers. Session one centered on power sector policies from around the world for achieving net-zero objectives. The second panel focused on accelerating decarbonization.

Governor of the Eastern Province Prince Saud bin Nayef inaugurated and attended the forum.

Speaking about the event, Ahmed Al Ebrahim, CEO of GCCIA, underscored the organization’s commitment to advancing regional and global energy collaboration by saying: “At GCCIA, we are dedicated to enabling the Gulf region’s energy transition through stronger interconnections, efficient power trading, and regional cooperation.

“This forum represents a vital opportunity to unite global thought leaders and decision-makers in shaping the energy strategies of tomorrow,” he added. “Our work towards a resilient and sustainable energy future continues to be at the heart of what we do, and we look forward to engaging with key stakeholders to drive the transformation needed to achieve net-zero targets.”

Leaders and innovators from the Gulf — and beyond — came together for the event to collaborate on mutually ambitious goals to drive sustainable energy, reduce carbon footprints and build a resilient, greener future for generations to come. The event was live-streamed and will be available for viewing on the GCCIA social media platforms.

“EPRI is honored to collaborate with GCCIA, GO15, and Med-TSO in this critical dialogue on transitioning to a sustainable energy future,” said EPRI’s CEO and president, Arshad Mansoor. “Through our research and global partnerships, we continue to support the energy industry in addressing the challenges of flexibility and reliability as we work together to achieve economy-wide net-zero targets.”

During his keynote speech, Mansoor addressed the global energy landscape and the role of strategic collaboration in advancing net-zero goals.

EPRI also led various sessions, including discussions on the technical foundations necessary for the energy transition and insights into optimizing the grid to support a resilient and affordable net-zero future.

Neva Espinoza, EPRI’s senior vice president of energy supply and low-carbon resources and chief generation officer, moderated sessions focused on power sector strategies to achieve net-zero and accelerate decarbonization through global collaboration and innovation. Those sessions aimed to provide actionable insights on balancing affordability, resilience and sustainability, particularly as the energy sector integrates more renewable resources and introduces advanced generation technologies.

The second day will shift focus to the “Essential Technical Pillars of Energy Transition.” Discussions will address the complexities of variability challenges, solutions for enhancing flexibility, the influence of market reforms, and strategies for grid planning and operations, with an emphasis on the critical role of technology. To see the full schedule, visit the website.


Block by block, Kamala Harris storms Philadelphia in 11th hour vote push

Block by block, Kamala Harris storms Philadelphia in 11th hour vote push
Updated 28 October 2024
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Block by block, Kamala Harris storms Philadelphia in 11th hour vote push

Block by block, Kamala Harris storms Philadelphia in 11th hour vote push
  • With barely a week to go, Harris is leaving nothing to chance in Philadelphia, where she must run up her vote tally to win the ultimate battleground state of Pennsylvania

PHILADELPHIA: In the home stretch of an extraordinarily tight US presidential race, Kamala Harris is courting support in the largest city of the largest battleground state — one voter at a time.
Locked in a political duel with Republican Donald Trump, the vice president took to the streets of Philadelphia on Sunday for a frantic ground-game of campaigning.
In multiple stops across ethnically diverse neighborhoods in the City of Brotherly Love, Harris hugged voters, cuddled babies, wooed patrons at local establishments, and quoted scripture in a predominantly Black church.
With barely a week to go, Harris is leaving nothing to chance in Philadelphia, where she must run up her vote tally to win the ultimate battleground state of Pennsylvania.
Harris rolled up to Philly Cuts barber shop in the largely Black neighborhood of West Philadelphia to meet residents, before ducking into the African-American-themed Hakim’s Bookstore & Gift Shop.
“I’m so happy to see you,” Harris told an elderly woman, Ann Hughes, before embracing her and confiding: “They’re working me to the bone.”

Democratic presidential nominee Vice President Kamala Harris, from left, hugs Ann Hughes as her son State Sen. Vincent Hughes, D-Philadelphia, looks on at Hakim's Bookstore and Gift Shop during a campaign stop on Oct. 27, 2024, in Philadelphia. (AP)

It’s been a frantic pace in the waning days of a bitter presidential race that has seen both candidates use confrontational language, with Trump in particular accused of toxic attacks on Harris.
“She’s boots to the ground,” 43-year-old African-American woman Myrda Scott, who runs a financial firm, told AFP as she awaited Harris at a youth basketball rec center rally.
“Especially here in Philadelphia we like touching, feeling, hearing, seeing the people and being personable with them.”
Trump has repeatedly campaigned in Pennsylvania too. While he courts his bread-and-butter voters including white males, Christian conservatives, and rural residents, he has also sought to peel away Black male support from Harris.
Rosa Jones, a Black woman recently laid off from her customer service job, is stressed because her son is voting for Trump.
While Scott expressed confidence about a Harris victory, “I have some jitters” about the election, 68-year-old Jones told AFP.
But she believes Harris needs to keep at it with “these little gatherings here, where she’s sitting with everyday people up close.”

Democratic presidential nominee Kamala Harris greets youth basketball players at The Alan Horwitz "Sixth Man" Center on Oct.27, 2024 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. (Getty Images/AFP)

Harris’s route took her through a working class Puerto Rican neighborhood to Freddy and Tony’s Restaurant, where she spoke with voters, snapped selfies and addressed diners.
“Truly the path to victory runs through Philly and through Pennsylvania,” she said. “It runs through all of you.”
Awilda Cubero, a Puertorriquena who moved to Philadelphia two decades ago, was glowing about Harris’s round of intimate get-out-the-vote stops.
“She has to come, in person, to talk to the people,” she told AFP. “That’s politics,” added, Cubero, 66, rubbing the fingers of one hand together. “That’s the connection.”
At the Church of Christian Compassion, Harris hugged supporters in the predominantly Black congregation and then preached at the pulpit.
“Yes these next nine days will test us,” Harris said, urging Philadelphians to vote early and knock on doors.
“Joy cometh in the morning,” she added, as congregants lept to their feet.